Cadmium Uptake Kinetics in Intact Soybean Plants

Abstract

The absorption characteristics of Cd(2+) by 10- to 12-day-old soybean plants (Glycine max cv Williams) were investigated with respect to influence of Cd concentration on adsorption to root surfaces, root absorption, transport kinetics and interaction with the nutrient cations Cu(2+), Fe(2+), Mn(2+), and Zn(2+). The fraction of nonexchangeable Cd bound to roots remained relatively constant at 20 to 25% of the absorbed fraction at solution concentration of 0.0025 to 0.5 micromolar, and increased to 45% at solution concentration in excess of 0.5 micromolar. The exchangeable fraction represented 1.4 to 32% of the absorbed fraction, and was concentration dependent. Using dinitrophenol as a metabolic inhibitor, the ;metabolically absorbed' fraction was shown to represent 75 to 80% of the absorbed fraction at concentration less than 0.5 micromolar, and decreased to 55% at 5 micromolar. At comparatively low Cd concentrations, 0.0025 to micromolar 0.3, root absorption exhibited two isotherms with K(2) values of 0.08 and 1.2 micromolar. Root absorption and transfer from root to shoot of Cd(2+) was inhibited by Cu(2+), Fe(2+), Mn(2+), and Zn(2+). Analyses of kinetic interaction of these nutrient cations with Cd(2+) indicated that Cu(2+), Fe(2+), Zn(2+), and possibly Mn(2+) inhibited Cd absorption competitively suggesting an involvement of a common transport site or process.