Urban Water Journal · 2005 · 10 citations · 13 references
Natural ResourcesEnvironmental EngineeringEnvironmental SciencesWastewater TreatmentWater Quality EngineeringWater Quality ManagementCombined Sewer Overflow ControlCombined Sewer OverflowsHeavy Metal ContaminationWastewater Quality ManagementWater PollutionWater QualityConcentrationConcentration Variability AnalysisEvent Mean ConcentrationFirst Flush ManagementHeavy Metal Contamination AssessmentRunoff Quality AssessmentSewer Overflow ManagementSewer Separation
Levels of total metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni) from samples in Buffalo, NY, were generally higher in combined sewage than sanitary flow. Sewer separation should therefore be considered carefully when choosing combined sewer overflow (CSO) abatement options. The first flush phenomenon was typically observed for sampled CSO events and first flush control may be effective in reducing receiving water impacts. Event mean concentration is often used for runoff quality evaluation, without consideration of concentration variability. The Weibull and lognormal distributions best fit the event mean concentration data and could be used to assess contaminant loading variability.
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