New Method for the Determination of Benzoic and Sorbic Acids in Commercial Orange Juices Based on Second-Order Spectrophotometric Data Generated by a pH Gradient Flow Injection Technique

Abstract

Two widely employed antimicrobials, benzoic and sorbic acids, were simultaneously determined in commercial orange juices employing a combination of a flow injection system with pH gradient generation, diode array spectrophotometric detection, and chemometric processing of the recorded second-order data. Parallel factor analysis and multivariate curve resolution-alternating least-squares were used for obtaining the spectral profiles of sample components and concentration profiles as a function of pH, including provisions for managing rank-deficient data sets. An appropriately designed calibration with a nine-sample set of binary mixtures of standards, coupled to the use of the second-order advantage offered by the applied chemometric techniques, allowed quantitation of the analytes in synthetic test samples and also in commercial orange juices, even in the presence of unmodeled interferents (with relative prediction errors of 8.7% for benzoic acid and 2.5% for sorbic acid). No prior separation or sample pretreatment steps were required. The comparison of results concerning commercial samples with a laborious reference technique yielded satisfactory statistical indicators (recoveries were 99.0% for benzoic acid and 101.4% for sorbic acid).