Acclimation to hard or soft water at weakly alkaline pH influences gill permeability and gill surface calcium binding in rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>)

Abstract

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were acclimated for 10 d to soft (0.1 mM as CaCO 3 ) or hard (1.0 mM as CaCO 3 ) water at weakly alkaline pH (8.06–8.34). Following acclimation, individual gill arches were removed for examining the effects of low hardness or high hardness acclimation on gill water permeability, gill Ca 2+ interactions, and gill aluminum interactions. Isolated gill arches were exposed to water of varying Ca 2+ (0.0–1.0 mM) and aluminum (3.7–37 μM) concentration for osmotic permeability experiments. High hardness acclimated gills had significantly greater percent weight gain over time caused by osmotic water entry than low hardness acclimated gills, when exposed to distilled water (32.34 ± 1.15 and 24.86 ± 0.62%, respectively, after 60-min incubations); these differences were absent when Ca 2+ (0.1–1.0 mM) was added to the incubation medium. Gill arch Ca 2+ binding experiments resolved two gill surface binding site populations, which differed in their Ca 2+ binding affinity. The higher affinity sites were probably associated with gill membrane permeability, because low hardness acclimated gills had more such sites (binding capacity, 0.322 ± 0.027 μmol Ca 2+ ∙g −1 ) and less permeable gills than high hardness acclimated gills (binding capacity, 0.198 ± 0.004 μmol Ca 2+ ∙g −1 ). Aluminum had little influence on gill permeability and gill Ca 2+ binding.