A processing resource account of age differences in recall.

Levels of processing: A framework for memory research

Fergus I. M. Craik, Robert S. Lockhart · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior · 1972 · 9.5K citations

Social Sciences, Psychology, Cognitive Psychology +12

Controlled and automatic human information processing: II. Perceptual learning, automatic attending and a general theory.

Richard M. Shiffrin, Walter Schneider · Psychological Review · 1977 · 7.1K citations

Medicine, Behavioral Sciences, Psychology +17

Encoding specificity and retrieval processes in episodic memory.

Endel Tulving, Donald M. Thomson · Psychological Review · 1973 · 4.6K citations

Social Sciences, Neuroscience, Psychology +14

Automatic and effortful processes in memory.

Lynn Hasher, Rose T. Zacks · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · 1979 · 2.7K citations

Social Sciences, Computer Science, Psychology +11

Category norms of verbal items in 56 categories A replication and extension of the Connecticut category norms.

William F. Battig, William E. Montague · Journal of Experimental Psychology · 1969 · 2.6K citations

Social Sciences, Psychology, Social Psychology +4