The ER Stress-Mediated Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathway and MAPKs Modulate Tachypacing-Induced Apoptosis in HL-1 Atrial Myocytes

Abstract

Our study suggested tachypacing-induced apoptosis is regulated by ER stress-mediated MAP and MAPKs. Thus, the above three components are all promising anti-apoptotic targets in AF patients and ER stress appears to play a dominant role due to its comprehensive effects.