THE TENSION BETWEEN PROFESSIONAL CONTROL AND OPEN PARTICIPATION

TLDR

Media workers are negotiating a contested boundary between producers and users in the digital environment. The article reviews literature to examine the tension between professional control and open participation in journalism and suggests new analytical frameworks. Using sociology of professions to analyze journalism’s boundary work and digital technology affordances to articulate open participation, the review synthesizes theoretical perspectives. Empirical studies show journalists struggle to reconcile control and participation, yet emerging research points to a hybrid, adaptable logic that may resolve the tension.

Abstract

Amid growing difficulties for professionals generally, media workers in particular are negotiating the increasingly contested boundary space between producers and users in the digital environment. This article, based on a review of the academic literature, explores that larger tension transforming the creative industries by extrapolating from the case of journalism – namely, the ongoing tension between professional control and open participation in the news process. Firstly, the sociology of professions, with its emphasis on boundary maintenance, is used to examine journalism as boundary work, profession, and ideology – each contributing to the formation of journalism's professional logic of control over content. Secondly, by considering the affordances and cultures of digital technologies, the article articulates open participation and its ideology. Thirdly, and against this backdrop of ideological incompatibility, a review of empirical literature finds that journalists have struggled to reconcile this key tension, caught in the professional impulse toward one-way publishing control even as media become a multi-way network. Yet, emerging research also suggests the possibility of a hybrid logic of adaptability and openness – an ethic of participation – emerging to resolve this tension going forward. The article concludes by pointing to innovations in analytical frameworks and research methods that may shed new light on the producer–user tension in journalism.