A valuation study on the indirect values of forest ecosystem in Changbaishan Mountain Biosphere Reserve of China

Abstract

In this paper, the market valuation method, shadow engineering method, opportunity cost method and substitute expense method are used to value the functions of the forest ecosystem of Changbaishan Mountain Biosphere Reserve. The valuation results reveal that the total ecological function value of the nature reserve in 1996 is estimated up toabout 1,765 million yuan (Chinese RMB) per annum. of which. about 108 million yuan is of the output of standing trees,about 697 million yuan of water conservancy, about 23 million yuan of soil conservation to control erosion, about 877million yuan of carbon fixation for reducing green house effect, about 43 million yuan of nutrient retention for N, P andK, and about 16 million yuan of SO2 degradation and control of diseases and pests.