On Some Biases Encountered in Modern Audio Quality Listening Tests-A Review

Abstract

A systematic review of typical biases encountered in modern audio quality listening tests is presented. The following three types of bias are discussed in more detail: bias due to affective judgments, response mapping bias, and interface bias. In addition, a potential bias due to perceptually nonlinear graphic scales is discussed. A number of recommendations aiming to reduce the aforementioned biases are provided, including an in-depth discussion of direct and indirect anchoring techniques.