Audio analysis is a research field and methodological approach focused on the computational processing and interpretation of digital audio signals. It investigates the inherent properties of sound, such as pitch, timbre, rhythm, and structure, employing techniques from signal processing, machine learning, and data science to extract meaningful information and patterns. This field is significant for enabling automated understanding, classification, and manipulation of auditory content across diverse applications, including music information retrieval, speech recognition, environmental sound monitoring, and acoustic scene analysis.