Recurrent pregnancy loss: etiology, diagnosis, and therapy.

TLDR

Spontaneous pregnancy loss occurs in about 15 % of clinically recognized pregnancies, and recurrent pregnancy loss—defined as three consecutive losses before 20 weeks—affects roughly 1–2 % of women, though definitions vary. This review examines the etiologies of recurrent pregnancy loss, distinguishing established causative factors from those suspected to contribute. It also outlines diagnostic strategies, therapeutic options, and prognostic considerations for recurrent pregnancy loss.

Abstract

Spontaneous pregnancy loss is a surprisingly common occurrence, with approximately 15% of all clinically recognized pregnancies resulting in pregnancy failure. Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) has been inconsistently defined. When defined as 3 consecutive pregnancy losses prior to 20 weeks from the last menstrual period, it affects approximately 1% to 2% of women. This review highlights the current understanding of the various etiologies implicated in RPL, including factors known to be causative, as well as those implicated as possible causative agents. The appropriate diagnostic evaluation, therapy, and prognosis are also addressed.