Orange‐red upconversion luminescence of Sm³⁺‐doped ZnO‐B₂O₃‐SiO₂ glass by infrared femtosecond laser irradiation

Abstract

Abstract— Near‐infrared‐to‐visible upconversion luminescence was observed in Sm 3+ ‐doped ZnO‐B 2 O 3 ‐SiO 2 glass under femtosecond laser irradiation. The luminescence spectra show that the upconversion luminescence originates from 4 G 5/2 to 6 H j /2 ( j = 5, 7, 9) transition of Sm 3+ . The dependence of the fluorescence intensity of Sm 3+ on the pump power indicates that a two‐photon absorption process is dominant in the conversion of infrared radiation to the visible luminescence. The analysis of the upconversion mechanism reveals that the simultaneous absorption of two infrared photons produces the population of upper excited states, which leads to the characteristic orange‐red emission of Sm 3+ . A three‐dimensional display is demonstrated based on the multiphoton absorption upconversion luminescence.