IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science · 2015 · 10 citations · 8 references
EngineeringComputer EngineeringElectrical EngineeringFault-tolerant ComputingField-programmable Gate ArraysMicroelectronicsEmbedded Memory BlocksFpga ArchitectureHardware Fault ToleranceLow-power Fpga DesignPower ManagementRadiation HardeningDetector Readout ElectronicsFlip-flop DesignFlip-flopsRadiation HardnessRandom-access MemoryReadoutReadout ElectronicsTriple Modular Redundancy
The BGO calorimeter, which provides a wide measurement range of the primary cosmic ray spectrum, is a key sub-detector of the Dark Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE). The readout electronics of calorimeter consists of 16 pieces of Actel ProASIC Plus FLASH-based field-programmable gate array (FPGA), of which the design-level flip-flops and embedded block random access memories (RAM) are single event upset (SEU) sensitive in the harsh space environment. To comply with radiation hardness assurance (RHA), SEU mitigation methods, including partial triple modular redundancy (TMR), CRC checksum, and multi-domain reset are analyzed and tested by the heavy-ion beam test. Composed of multi-level redundancy, a FPGA design with the characteristics of SEU tolerance and low resource consumption is implemented for the readout electronics.
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An excess of cosmic ray electrons at energies of 300–800 GeV
J. Chang, J. H. Adams, H. S. Ahn et al. · Nature · 2008 · 1K citations
Monte Carlo Simulation of Single Event Effects
Robert A. Weller, Marcus H. Mendenhall, Robert A. Reed et al. · IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science · 2010 · 221 citations