High‐resolution fields of global runoff combining observed river discharge and simulated water balances

TLDR

Combined runoff fields simultaneously reflect the numerical accuracy of discharge measurements and preserve the spatial and temporal distribution of simulated runoff. This paper demonstrates the potential of combining observed river discharge with climate‑driven water balance model outputs to develop composite runoff fields. The authors coregistered World Meteorological Organization GRDC stations to a 30′ gridded topological network (STN‑30p), identified interstation regions, calculated annual interstation runoff, compared it with WBM outputs driven by long‑term mean monthly climate forcings, and multiplied simulated runoff by the observed‑to‑simulated ratio to generate 30′ resolution composite runoff fields. The resulting UNH/GRDC Composite Runoff Fields V1.0, released with intermediate datasets, provide high‑resolution runoff fields useful for terrestrial modeling, climate‑atmosphere interactions, and global water resource assessments.

Abstract

This paper demonstrates the potential of combining observed river discharge information with climate‐driven water balance model (WBM) outputs to develop composite runoff fields. Such combined runoff fields simultaneously reflect the numerical accuracy of the discharge measurements and preserve the spatial and temporal distribution of simulated runoff. Selected gauging stations from the World Meteorological Organization Global Runoff Data Centre (GRDC) data archive were geographically coregistered to a gridded simulated topological network at 30′ (longitude × latitude) spatial resolution (STN–30p). Interstation regions between gauging stations along the STN–30p network were identified, and annual interstation runoff was calculated. The annual interstation runoff was compared with outputs from WBM calculations, which were performed using long‐term mean monthly climate forcings (air temperature and precipitation). The simulated runoff for each cell was multiplied by the ratio of observed to simulated runoff of the corresponding interstation region from the GRDC data set to create spatially distributed runoff fields at 30′ resolution. The resulting composite runoff fields (UNH/GRDC Composite Runoff Fields V1.0) are released to the scientific community along with intermediate data sets, such as station attributes and long‐term monthly regimes of the selected gauging stations, the simulated topological network (STN–30p), STN–30p derived attributes for the selected stations, and gridded fields of the interstation regions along STN–30p. These data sets represent high‐resolution fields that are of value to a broad range of water‐related research, including terrestrial modeling, climate‐atmosphere interactions, and global water resource assessments.