Sediment transport is the process by which solid particles (sediment) are moved by natural agents such as fluid flow (water, wind), ice, and gravity. As an academic concept and research field, it investigates the physical mechanisms, rates, and patterns of sediment entrainment, movement, and deposition across diverse Earth surface environments. Study within this field is fundamental to understanding landscape evolution, river and coastal dynamics, soil erosion, and the environmental impacts of natural processes and human interventions, making it a critical component of geomorphology, hydrology, civil engineering, and environmental science.