Effect of viscous dissipation on hydromagnetic fluid flow and heat transfer of nanofluid over an exponentially stretching sheet with fluid-particle suspension

Abstract

This paper considers the problem of steady, boundary layer flow and heat transfer of a nanofluid with fluid-particle suspension over an exponentially stretching surface in the presence of transverse magnetic field and viscous dissipation. The stretching velocity and wall temperature are assumed to vary according to specific exponential form. The governing equations in partial forms are reduced to a system of coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations using suitable similarity transformations. An effective Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg (RKF-45) is used to solve the obtained differential equations with the help of a symbolic software MAPLE. The effects of flow parameters—such as nanofluid interaction parameter, magnetic parameter, solid volume fraction of nanoparticle parameter, Prandtl number and Eckert number—on the flow field and heat-transfer characteristics were obtained and are tabulated. Useful discussions were carried out with the help of plotted graphs and tables. Under the limiting cases, comparison with the existing results was made and found to be in good agreement. The results demonstrate that the skin friction coefficient increases for both magnetic and solid volume fraction nanoparticle parameters. However, dusty fluid with copper (Cu) nanoparticles has the appreciable cooling performance than other fluids.