Ureteroscopy Without Fluoroscopy: A Feasibility Study and Comparison with Conventional Ureteroscopy

Abstract

This study demonstrates the feasibility and efficacy of the completely fluoroless ureteroscopic treatment of calculi throughout the entire upper urinary tract while completely removing radiation exposure to the patients and staff. Although this fluoroless technique may be most applicable in patients at highest risk for radiation exposure, such as pregnant women, children, and recurrent stone formers, it offers an alternative for reduction of radiation in all patients.