Physical Chemistry of the Groups IVa (Ti, Zr), Va (V, Nb, Ta) and the Rare Earth Elements in Steel

Abstract

Vanadium, niobium and tantalum that belong to the grouJ) Va in the J)eriodic table have strong affinity .lor nitrogen and carbon in steel. Besides, these elements differ from aluminium, and titanium and zirconium in the group IVa in deoxidizing power, and are not oxidized remarkably in liquid steel . These, therefore, are velY interesting as allqying-elemen/s in steelmaking process.