Unconventional superconductivity is a research field and academic concept focusing on superconducting materials whose properties, particularly the mechanism of electron pairing and the symmetry of the superconducting gap, deviate significantly from the conventional phonon-mediated mechanism described by the BCS theory. It investigates phenomena in strongly correlated electron systems, such as high-temperature cuprates, heavy fermions, and iron-based superconductors, characterized by non-phononic pairing interactions, exotic pairing symmetries (e.g., d-wave, p-wave), and often occurring near magnetic or other electronic phase transitions, with its significance lying in the exploration of novel quantum states of matter and the potential for technologically relevant high-temperature superconductivity.