Technology change is the dynamic process encompassing the invention, development, diffusion, and adoption of new or improved technologies, resulting in shifts in technical capabilities, practices, and systems. As a research concept, it investigates the complex mechanisms and factors driving these transformations, including the origins of innovation, pathways of diffusion, barriers to adoption, and their multifaceted impacts on economic structures, social behaviors, environmental systems, and institutional frameworks. Key characteristics include its often non-linear nature, path dependency, and the co-evolutionary interplay between technology, society, and institutions. Understanding technology change is fundamental for explaining historical development, forecasting future trends, informing policy interventions, and addressing contemporary challenges related to innovation, sustainability, and competitiveness.