System resilience is the capacity of a system to absorb disturbances, maintain its fundamental structure and functions, and recover or adapt to new conditions. As an academic concept and research field, it investigates the dynamic processes by which systems anticipate, cope with, and adjust to stressors or disruptions, focusing on characteristics such as robustness, adaptability, and recoverability. Its significance lies in understanding and enhancing system stability, performance, and sustainability in the face of uncertainty and change across diverse domains.