Concepedia

Sunspot Number

Sunspot Number is a quantitative metric in solar physics that measures solar activity by counting the number of sunspots and sunspot groups observed on the solar surface, standardized according to a formula devised by Rudolf Wolf to account for observational conditions and instrumentation.

1.2K

Publications

59.7K

Citations

2K

Authors

786

Institutions

Publications per year

2017–2026

222

Variants

International Sunspot NumberWolf Number

Parents

Publications

1.2K

The Jackknife and the Bootstrap for General Stationary Observations

Hans R. Künsch · The Annals of Statistics · 1989 · 2.3K citations · Full text

, , +17

VII. On a method of investigating periodicities disturbed series, with special reference to Wolfer's sunspot numbers

George Yule · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series A Containing Papers of a Mathematical or Physical Character · 1927 · 1.3K citations · Full text

, , +12

Total solar irradiance during the Holocene

F. Steinhilber, J. Beer, C. Fröhlich · Geophysical Research Letters · 2009 · 1K citations · Full text

, , +17

Complex fuzzy sets

D. Ramot, Ron Milo, M. Friedman et al. · IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems · 2002 · 917 citations

, , +15

Revisiting the Sunspot Number

F. Clette, Leif Svalgaard, J. M. Vaquero et al. · Space Science Reviews · 2014 · 692 citations · Full text

, , +9

1–5 of 1.2K

Authors

2K

  1. IU
    Ilya Usoskin

    University of Oulu, Finland

    34 publications · 3.5K citations

    27

    h-index

  2. JM
    J. M. Vaquero

    Universidad de Extremadura, Spain

    31 publications · 2.1K citations

    20

    h-index

  3. SK
    S. K. Solanki

    Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Germany

    21 publications · 2.2K citations

    19

    h-index

  4. MJ
    M. J. Owens

    University of Reading, United Kingdom

    20 publications · 1K citations

    19

    h-index

  5. ML
    M. Lockwood

    Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, United Kingdom

    19 publications · 1K citations

    18

    h-index

1–5 of 2K

Institutions

786

  1. University of Oulu

    Oulu, Finland

    34 h-index

    66 publications

    5.7K citations

  2. Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research

    Göttingen, Germany

    29 h-index

    93 publications

    6.2K citations

  3. Goddard Space Flight Center

    Greenbelt, United States

    28 h-index

    73 publications

    3.9K citations

  4. National Solar Observatory

    Boulder, United States

    23 h-index

    42 publications

    3.4K citations

  5. Chinese Academy of Sciences

    Beijing, China

    23 h-index

    104 publications

    2.4K citations

  6. National Astronomical Observatories

    Beijing, China

    23 h-index

    127 publications

    3K citations

  7. University of Reading

    Reading, United Kingdom

    21 h-index

    68 publications

    3.4K citations

  8. Stanford University

    Stanford, United States

    20 h-index

    26 publications

    3K citations

1–8 of 786

Venues

  1. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

    JGR · 110 publications · 6.6K citations

    45

    h-index

  2. Solar Physics

    192 publications · 7.5K citations

    44

    h-index

  3. The Astrophysical Journal

    ApJ · 116 publications · 5K citations

    40

    h-index

  4. Geophysical Research Letters

    70 publications · 5.7K citations

    36

    h-index

  5. Astronomy and Astrophysics

    44 publications · 2.8K citations

    30

    h-index

1–5