Space environment effects is a research domain focused on characterizing and predicting the interactions between anthropogenic systems, biological organisms, and the physical conditions encountered in outer space. This field investigates phenomena such as energetic particle radiation (including solar and cosmic rays), plasma, microgravity, thermal cycling, vacuum, and orbital debris, and their resultant impacts on materials, electronic components, human health, and spacecraft performance, which is critical for ensuring mission success, asset longevity, and astronaut safety.