Solidification defects is the academic concept and research field dedicated to understanding, characterizing, and mitigating imperfections that form within materials during their transition from a liquid to a solid state. This area investigates the diverse types of defects, such as porosity, shrinkage, and segregation, analyzing their formation mechanisms, distribution, and critical influence on the structural integrity, mechanical properties, and functional performance of solid materials and manufactured components, with the aim of developing predictive models and control strategies for material processing.