• Substitutability and activity-type clustering reveal a theoretical shift from rigid activity niches to interchangeable leisure options that satisfy core needs, motivating new measurement of substitution and activity typologies [1], [17], [9], [13], [19].

• Past experience as a predictor of current leisure behavior: childhood activity levels shape adult participation and information-processing patterns, suggesting enduring influence of prior engagement on decision making [2], [8], [10].

• Social context and demographics as determinants of participation: group affiliations, attitudes toward facilities, and socio-economic variables drive usage patterns and perceived benefits [3], [4], [14], [5], [15].

• Conflict, congestion, and land-use policy in outdoor recreation: theoretical and empirical work links user conflicts with spatial/resource constraints, guiding management to reduce impact [11], [16], [18], [12].

• Economic framing of recreation value: time valuation, opportunity costs, and income/education effects shape demand and benefit estimates for recreation resources [6], [5].