During this period, radiology fused physics with medical imaging. Researchers used radioactive iodine as a functional probe to map thyroid uptake, metabolism, and urinary excretion across Graves' disease, normal thyroid, and various goiter states. Thoracic oncology imaging advanced classification, prognosis, and management by correlating radiologic features with pathology for bronchogenic and primary lung cancers. Concurrent efforts integrated nuclear physics with clinical radiology—exploring artificial radioactivity, neutron-induced phenomena, and dose theory for radium therapy—while cross-organ localization initiatives tied imaging patterns in the brain, pelvis, GI tract, biliary system, and laryngeal structures to emerging mapping modalities. Influential Works: On the Theory of Dispersion of X-Rays introduced fundamental ideas about how X-ray waves interact with matter, laying groundwork for X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The Scherrer Formula for X-Ray Particle Size Determination provided a simple relation between diffraction peak broadening and crystallite size, with immediate and lasting influence on microstructure analysis in radiology contexts. Radiological Use of Fast Protons described proton interactions, depth-dose behavior, and imaging/therapy applications, signaling a shift toward particle-based radiology and foreshadowing proton therapy. The Effect of Cold-Work Distortion on X-Ray Patterns demonstrated artifacts that bias interpretation, promoting quality control and calibration standards to improve reliability.