• Prehabilitation is framed as structured perioperative optimization, often within Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS), combining physical training, functional assessment, and patient preparation to enhance postoperative recovery across cancers [2], [7], [18], [19], [17].

• Feasibility and implementation studies show that home-based and supervised exercise programs for cancer patients vary in recruitment, adherence, and practicality, highlighting real-world deployability across breast and other cancers [3], [6], [14], [9].

• Standardized functional and patient-reported outcomes (e.g., 6-Minute Walk Test, fatigue, QoL) are central to evaluating prehabilitation effectiveness and enabling cross-study comparison [8], [10], [9], [12], [20].

• Population-context tailoring and timing-specific paradigms span breast, colorectal, and lung cancer, illustrating disease- and treatment-stage adaptations of prehabilitation programs [1], [2], [13], [17].

• Psychosocial integration with physical activity, including tai chi and relaxation components, expands prehabilitation to address fatigue and well-being alongside physical capacity [1], [5], [10].