Precancerous lesions is a fundamental concept in oncology and pathology referring to cellular or tissue abnormalities that carry an increased probability of developing into invasive cancer. Research in this area investigates their molecular and morphological characteristics, the biological processes driving their potential malignant transformation, and methods for their identification, risk stratification, and therapeutic intervention. The study of precancerous lesions is significant for understanding the early stages of carcinogenesis, facilitating cancer prevention strategies, and improving prognoses through early detection and management.