Physical Watermarks
Physical Watermarks is a scholarly construct in watermark design that refers to tangible, inherent modifications embedded within physical substrates—such as paper, textiles, or materials—distinguished from digital or software-based watermarks by their reliance on physical properties and perceptible or machine-detectable structural variations for authentication, identification, or security.
9
Publications
158
Citations
32
Authors
16
Institutions
Publications per year
2017–2026
7
Parents
9
Robust Authentication of Consumables With Extrinsic Tags and Chemical Fingerprinting
Naren Vikram Raj Masna, Cheng Chen, Soumyajit Mandal et al. · IEEE Access · 2019 · 14 citations · Full text
Agriculture, Chemistry, Food Science +16
1–5 of 9
32
2
h-index
University at Buffalo, State University of New York, United States
1 publications · 21 citations
1
h-index
1
h-index
1
h-index
1
h-index
1–5 of 32
16
University of Florida
Gainesville, United States
3 h-index
7 publications
87 citations
Intel (United States)
Santa Clara, United States
1 h-index
3 publications
33 citations
University at Buffalo, State University of New York
Buffalo, United States
1 h-index
6 publications
126 citations
University of Illinois Chicago
Chicago, United States
1 h-index
1 publications
11 citations
Singapore University of Technology and Design
Singapore, Singapore
1 h-index
1 publications
35 citations
University of Arizona
Tucson, United States
1 h-index
3 publications
33 citations

Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Wuhan, China
1 h-index
7 publications
91 citations
Arizona State University
Tempe, United States
1 h-index
1 publications
35 citations
1–8 of 16
1 publications · 35 citations
1
h-index
Repository · 1 publications · 31 citations
1
h-index
1 publications · 21 citations
1
h-index
1 publications · 13 citations
1
h-index
1 publications · 10 citations
1
h-index
1–5