Physical sensors is **physical sensors is** the academic concept and research field dedicated to the principles, design, fabrication, and application of devices engineered to detect and quantify physical properties and phenomena. These sensors interact directly with the physical environment, converting various stimuli such as temperature, pressure, light, sound, magnetic fields, or radiation into measurable signals, typically electrical, thereby serving as fundamental components for monitoring, control, data acquisition, and human-system interaction across diverse scientific and engineering disciplines.