Concepedia

Penalties

Penalties is a regulatory mechanism that specifies the consequences imposed for non-compliance with rules or standards, distinguished from other regulatory instruments by its punitive function intended to enforce adherence through negative sanctions.

2K

Publications

119.1K

Citations

4.6K

Authors

1.6K

Institutions

Publications per year

2017–2026

445

Parents

Publications

2K

Exit, Voice and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States.

Gordon Tullock, Albert O. Hirschman · The Journal of Finance · 1970 · 11K citations · Full text

, , +15

The Categorical Imperative: Securities Analysts and the Illegitimacy Discount

Ezra W. Zuckerman · American Journal of Sociology · 1999 · 2.1K citations

, , +15

The foundations of cost-sensitive learning

Charles Elkan · 2001 · 1.8K citations

, , +17

Climate Clubs: Overcoming Free-riding in International Climate Policy

William D. Nordhaus · American Economic Review · 2015 · 1.3K citations · Full text

, , +17

Optimal alignments in linear space

Eugene W. Myers, Webb Miller · Computer applications in the biosciences · 1988 · 1.2K citations

, , +13

1–5 of 2K

Authors

4.6K

  1. TC
    T.C.E. Cheng

    Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR China

    9 publications · 309 citations

    9

    h-index

  2. JM
    John M. Connor

    Purdue University West Lafayette, United States

    7 publications · 184 citations

    7

    h-index

  3. AE
    Alan E. Willner

    University of Southern California, United States

    7 publications · 621 citations

    7

    h-index

  4. JW
    Ji‐Bo Wang

    Shenyang Aerospace University, China

    6 publications · 186 citations

    6

    h-index

  5. JV
    Julian V. Roberts

    University of Ottawa, Canada

    5 publications · 173 citations

    6

    h-index

1–5 of 4.6K

Institutions

1.6K

  1. University of California, Berkeley

    Berkeley, United States

    19 h-index

    40 publications

    3.8K citations

  2. Stanford University

    Stanford, United States

    18 h-index

    54 publications

    7K citations

  3. Pennsylvania State University

    State College, United States

    18 h-index

    34 publications

    4.8K citations

  4. New York University

    New York, United States

    17 h-index

    32 publications

    3.1K citations

  5. University of Michigan

    Ann Arbor, United States

    17 h-index

    38 publications

    2K citations

  6. The University of Texas at Austin

    Austin, United States

    16 h-index

    35 publications

    2K citations

  7. Yale University

    New Haven, United States

    16 h-index

    30 publications

    3.7K citations

  8. University of Southern California

    Los Angeles, United States

    16 h-index

    52 publications

    4.9K citations

1–8 of 1.6K

Venues

  1. SSRN Electronic Journal

    Repository · 97 publications · 4.4K citations

    31

    h-index

  2. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters

    IPTEL · 56 publications · 1.9K citations

    26

    h-index

  3. Management Science

    24 publications · 2K citations

    20

    h-index

  4. Optics Express

    21 publications · 918 citations

    19

    h-index

  5. Journal of Lightwave Technology

    24 publications · 566 citations

    16

    h-index

1–5