Orthopedic physical therapy is a specialized domain within physical therapy dedicated to the assessment, diagnosis, and therapeutic management of conditions affecting the musculoskeletal system. As a research field, it investigates the biomechanical, physiological, and functional impairments associated with musculoskeletal injury, disease, and surgical recovery, evaluating the efficacy of exercise programs, manual therapy, and other interventions aimed at restoring optimal physical function, reducing pain, and preventing long-term disability.