Nutritional rehabilitation is a multidisciplinary research field and clinical approach dedicated to the restoration of optimal nutritional status in individuals affected by malnutrition or significant nutrient deficiencies. It systematically investigates the etiology, physiological consequences, and effective interventions for addressing nutritional depletion across various clinical populations and settings. Key characteristics include individualized assessment of nutritional status and needs, the implementation of evidence-based nutritional support strategies (ranging from dietary modifications and supplementation to specialized enteral or parenteral feeding), and continuous monitoring of metabolic and clinical responses. Its significance lies in its critical role in mitigating the adverse health outcomes associated with malnutrition, supporting recovery from illness or injury, improving functional capacity and quality of life, and reducing morbidity and mortality rates.