Nanostructured materials is a research concept within materials science and engineering focused on materials intentionally designed or synthesized with structural features, components, or grains within the nanoscale range (typically 1 to 100 nanometers), investigating the emergent and often drastically altered physical, chemical, mechanical, and functional properties that arise from these reduced dimensions and high surface-area-to-volume ratios compared to their bulk counterparts, thereby enabling the development of materials with precisely tailored characteristics for diverse technological applications.