Musculoskeletal aging is the complex biological process involving progressive structural and functional changes in muscle, bone, cartilage, and connective tissues over time. As a research concept, it investigates the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms driving this age-related decline, its systemic impact on mobility, strength, and stability, and strategies for the prevention and treatment of associated conditions such as sarcopenia, osteoporosis, and osteoarthritis, which significantly affect healthspan and quality of life.