Metabolic surgery is a specialized field within surgical science that investigates and applies surgical interventions, primarily targeting the gastrointestinal system, for the treatment of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. Its key characteristic is the induction of metabolic improvements through hormonal and physiological changes that extend beyond the effects of weight loss alone, signifying a methodological approach with the potential to achieve durable disease remission and reduce associated comorbidities.