Machining is a fundamental manufacturing process involving the controlled removal of material from a workpiece to achieve a desired shape, size, and surface finish. As a research field, it constitutes the academic discipline dedicated to understanding the principles, mechanics, and technologies associated with subtractive material processing methods. This area of study investigates phenomena such as chip formation, tool-workpiece interaction, process dynamics, thermal effects, and tool wear, alongside the development and optimization of machining processes, machine tools, cutting tools, and process control strategies. Its significance lies in enabling the high-precision fabrication of components from a vast array of materials, critical for industries requiring intricate parts with strict geometric tolerances and surface integrity.