Knee arthroplasty is an established research domain within orthopedic surgery and biomedical engineering focused on the comprehensive study of surgical techniques, implant design, material science, and clinical outcomes related to the replacement or resurfacing of the knee joint. This field investigates methods to restore function, alleviate pain, and improve the longevity and performance of prosthetic components, holding significant clinical and socioeconomic importance in addressing joint degeneration.