Intergovernmental transfers is the movement of financial resources between distinct governmental units, typically from a higher level of government to a lower level within a country's governmental structure, or sometimes between subnational entities. As an academic concept and research area, it investigates the design, determinants, impacts, and policy implications of these fiscal flows, particularly concerning public finance, governance, regional equity, service delivery, and macroeconomic management within systems of intergovernmental fiscal relations and federalism.