Infrastructure vulnerabilities is the academic study and characterization of inherent or emergent weaknesses within engineered systems and networks that render them susceptible to disruption, failure, or compromise. This research field investigates the systemic points of susceptibility across physical, digital, and organizational components of infrastructure, examining how design flaws, operational deficiencies, interdependencies, and external threats can lead to reduced reliability, security breaches, or cascading failures. Understanding these vulnerabilities is critical for developing strategies to enhance the resilience, security, and operational continuity of essential societal functions.