Inequality is a core concept and field of inquiry within the social sciences that examines the uneven distribution of resources, opportunities, power, and outcomes across individuals, groups, or populations. It investigates the systemic disparities and hierarchical structures that contribute to differential access and life chances within or between societies. The study of inequality involves quantitative measurement and qualitative analysis of its causes, mechanisms of perpetuation, and consequences for social cohesion, economic stability, health, and political participation. Key characteristics include its multidimensional nature, encompassing economic, social, political, and cultural dimensions, and its dynamic interplay with social structures, institutions, and policy. Its significance lies in its crucial role in understanding social stratification, identifying sources of social conflict, informing policy interventions aimed at promoting equity, and assessing societal well-being and justice.