Indigenous peoples is an academic concept and interdisciplinary field of study focused on understanding the distinct histories, cultures, knowledge systems, social structures, and contemporary realities of peoples who have historical continuity with pre-colonial or pre-invasion societies and often retain strong links to their traditional territories. This concept investigates their diverse identities, experiences of colonization and resistance, struggles for self-determination and collective rights, and profound relationships with land and resources, serving as a critical lens for examining historical injustices, promoting human rights, and valuing diverse worldviews and sustainable practices within global contexts.