Inborn errors of immunity is an academic concept and research field dedicated to studying inherited disorders caused by genetic defects that compromise the development or function of the immune system. This area investigates the molecular and cellular basis of these conditions, which are characterized by diverse clinical phenotypes ranging from severe immunodeficiency predisposing to infections to immune dysregulation leading to autoimmunity or autoinflammation. Its significance lies in elucidating fundamental mechanisms of human immunity and informing the development of diagnostic strategies and targeted therapeutic interventions for immune-mediated diseases.