• Social identity formation, community building, and liberation processes in homosexual contexts emerge as central threads, linking attitudes, identity work, and collective activism across settings [8], [11], [13], [15], [18], [19].

• Analyses consistently apply intersectionality and queer theory to explain how sexuality intersects with gender, race, and social structure, shaping experiences and research questions [1], [4], [7], [11], [13], [15].

• A thematic emphasis on biological and health-related aspects—hormonal measures, semen analysis, and LGBT health—frames sexuality as a physiological and medicalized domain alongside sociocultural analyses [1], [11], [16], [17], [20].

• Studies of social attitudes reveal mechanisms of stigma, double standards, and normative pressures shaping acceptance and policy toward homosexuality, with attention to moral narratives and discrimination [2], [4], [6], [18], [19].

• A diversify-and-deepen lens explores differences among men and women, including lesbian identity and family backgrounds, highlighting heterogeneity in experiences and developmental pathways [8], [9], [11], [14], [15].