Health data sharing is the systematic process of making health-related information available to individuals, institutions, or systems beyond its primary source for purposes such as clinical care, research, and public health. As an academic concept and research field, it encompasses the investigation of the complex technical, legal, ethical, and social dimensions surrounding the secure and effective exchange of individual or aggregated health datasets. Key characteristics studied include data privacy, security, consent mechanisms, interoperability standards, and governance models, with its significance rooted in enabling collaborative research, improving healthcare delivery, and informing public health initiatives.