Health data security is an academic concept and interdisciplinary research domain concerned with protecting sensitive individual and population health information from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction. As a field, it investigates the technical, organizational, and legal frameworks necessary to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of health data across its entire lifecycle, encompassing issues from data collection and storage to sharing and disposal. Its significance is paramount for maintaining patient privacy, fostering trust in healthcare systems and research, ensuring regulatory compliance, and enabling the secure and ethical advancement of medical knowledge and care delivery.