• Theme 1: Geopolitics of empire and space—systematic, macro-level analyses of how imperial competition, borders, and global policy organize international order across regions such as the Mediterranean, Far East, and empire corridors [2], [4], [5], [6], [9], [17], [18].

• Theme 2: State power, governance, and strategic symbolism in geopolitics: investigations of dictatorship, statecraft, governance and political imagery shaping political action on the world stage [1], [7], [14], [19].

• Theme 3: War, security, and political economy as drivers of geopolitical dynamics: analyses of war economics, conflict, and security logics across historical periods [11], [13], [15], [19].

• Theme 4: International and transnational history as methodological lens for geopolitics: cross-national, historical-institutional syntheses of international history, global policy, empire, and anti-imperialism [2], [4], [5], [6], [9], [16], [17].