External earth processes is a fundamental concept and research domain within geosciences that investigates the dynamic physical, chemical, and biological transformations occurring on or near the Earth's surface, driven predominantly by energy originating outside the Earth's interior, such as solar radiation and gravity. This field examines the mechanisms, rates, and resulting landforms associated with processes like weathering, erosion, transport, and deposition by environmental agents including water, wind, ice, and mass movement. Its significance lies in understanding landscape evolution, surficial material cycling, environmental change, and the intricate interactions between the lithosphere and other Earth systems (atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere).