Exchange bias is a magnetic phenomenon observed in heterostructures composed of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic layers in contact, characterized by a shift of the magnetic hysteresis loop along the magnetic field axis. As a fundamental concept in condensed matter physics and materials science, it investigates the complex interfacial exchange coupling between dissimilar magnetic orders and its impact on macroscopic magnetic properties. Key characteristics include the induced unidirectional magnetic anisotropy and often enhanced coercivity, which are crucial for stabilizing magnetization configurations. Its significance is paramount in spintronics, providing the necessary pinned magnetic reference layer for devices such as magnetoresistive read heads and magnetic random-access memory (MRAM).