Excavation support is a specialized field of geotechnical and structural engineering research concerned with the design, analysis, and performance of temporary or permanent structural systems employed to maintain the stability and control deformations of excavated ground. It investigates complex soil and rock mass behavior, soil-structure interaction mechanisms, potential failure modes, and methodologies for predicting and mitigating risks associated with ground excavation, with the critical objective of ensuring safety and enabling the successful execution of underground construction projects.